Health Care Providers and Professionals â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Describe about U.S. health care: providers and professionals. Answer: In the video, U.S. Health Care: Providers and Professionals by Monika Wahi- The narrator can improve the video by using more animations. As per my personal experience, I would be more interested to see recent data. However, the narrator has used data from the year 2008 while explaining about the employed persons at health services sites, physicians, allied health professionals that must be replaced with recent information to maintain student interest. The slides in the video must have less verbosity with stating main points in minimal words. It is suggested to reduce the noise of the presentation by avoiding redundant elements to ensure the high interest of respondents. The slides in the presentation should have large texts and visuals as from my personal experience it helps in memorizing things more rapidly. For the video, it is suggested to highlight the area of current discussion by using call-outs, revealing bullet points one at a time, use of pointers while explaining graphs and use of colorful fonts while explaining the lengthy text.

Event Operations Management Substance Flow Analysis

Question: Apply business management theory to practical activities within the events industry;Explore the different issues an events organisation could face whilst using statistical methods and techniques to formulate solutions;Discuss the techniques for analysing events and events management;Examine the licences and other legal requirements for various types of events. Answer: Introduction Arena and Di Gregorio (2014) have described event as a public assembly that take place in a selected venue at the pre-determined time for some particular purposes like education, marketing, charity and some others. It can be easily stated that organizing an event requires proper planning as well as creativity and lots of innovative ideas. An event organizer must have a detailed knowledge about several aspects of conducting a program in both indoor and outdoor venues. It can be automatically stated that an event manager or the organizer needs to be a budget manager, mediator, organizer, facilitator as well as executor. As an events planner for ABC London Events Co., it was asked to organize an event in two venues, like indoor venues and outdoor venues. In this report, proper evidence as well as information would be provided on both these venues and after that, recommendation would be made on the proper venue (Bearzotti, Salomone and Chiotti 2012). However, it is required to mention th at it would a charitable event for wild life protection. Target of this charitable event would be raising awareness about protecting wild life, funding to save them. It is required to mention that at the time of promoting this event, Chelsea Football Club would donate 20,000. Suggested venues In order to carry on unique art event with the street artists, it is required to focus both on indoor event and outdoor venues. As the best indoor venue, Chelsea Old Town hall has been selected. On the other hand, Royal Parks of London has been identified as the best outdoor venue. In this part, it is required to make a thorough research work on these two venues on some specific perspectives and based on the thorough analysis a recommendation would be made on the preferred venue of conducting the unique art event. Figure 1: Two Suggested Venues for Unique Art Event (Source: rbkc.gov.uk 2016, www.royalparks.org.uk) Indoor venues Background of the indoor venue Chelsea Old Town Hall is situated approximately mid-way along the fashionable Kings Road in Chelsea. From the profile, it can be seen that the main hall previously known as Vestry Hall and Small hall, formerly known as Green room are housed in the oldest part of the building that date back to the late Victorian era. Rooms available in Chelsea Old Town Hall are the main hall and the small hall. Based on the nature of the event, in this part, the main hall of Chelsea Old Town Hall would be selected (Hall 2012). If focus is shed on this heritage building, it can be seen that the selection of this venue is justified enough, as this magnificent late Victorian building has been lovingly restored to its original glory. This building provides a beautiful, memorable and photogenic backdrop for several kinds of events. This building offers the event organizers a well-placed and endlessly adaptable space. Therefore, it can be stated that the selection of this heritage building is justified enou gh for conducting the unique art event with the street artists (rbkc.gov.uk 2016). Figure 2: Indoor place for the event in Chelsea Old Town Hall (Source: rbkc.gov.uk 2016) License and legal issues In order to conduct the unique art event with the street artists for a charitable purpose of donating aid for wild life protection, some permits and licenses are required. License is required to arrange, as many artists would be there and the door would be open for the common people. This indoor event would take place indoor and thus requires a permit that would cover all the activities that would take place there. At the time of conducting the event, there would be entertainment programs and thus permit is required to take before conduction of the program (Heck 2016). The entertainment program would take into account singing, music events and display of art works made by the street artists. Chelsea Old Town Hall is one of the most affordable and easily available indoor venues for the conducting such charitable event, where many people, especially the art lovers would come. However, in this unique art event by the street artists, more than 1200 people would attend and thus selection of this venue is justified enough (Jones 2012). Risk management There are definitely some certain risks that might take place at the time of conducting the unique art event with the street artists and the event manager must be well aware of these risks. Identified certain risks in this case are outbreak of fire, occurrence of accidents during displaying the art works, unexpected storm and rain, large number of unexpected art lovers, last minute arrangements as well as unplanned expenses (Jones 2014). The event manager must be well aware of these risks and make all the necessary arrangements to deal with these facts. In that case, availability of space can be one of the major issues if the expected numbers of art lovers exceed and thus, the volunteers must be prepared to handle huge number of people in Chelsea Old Town Hall (Keskitalo 2013). Figure 3: Ample place for displaying art works of the street artists (Source: rbkc.gov.uk 2016) Health and safety measures Any kind of health and safety requirements might take place at the time of conducting the event in Chelsea Old Town Hall and the event managers must be well prepared for this purpose. A heath expert would be hired for safety purpose if any first aid is required to provide to any of the guests. Apart from that, it can be stated that precautions would need to be taken at the time it comes to the entertainment session. Focus is required to shed on the part that no people behave improperly at the time of playing music. Apart from that, no guests would be expected to dance on the floor, as this is an art event and the purpose of this event is charitable. As per Lotem et al. (2013), public liability insurance would be required in case of any possible risks that might arise at Chelsea Old Town Hall during unique art event with the street artists. However, it is required to mention that as the indoor venue is a hall, there must be ample fire extinguishers if any fire outbreak takes place. Th ere would be hip of art works and maintenance of these art works is required properly. Emergency escape routes might be available in the hall and this might be informed to all the people attaining this unique art event with the street artists. The event manager must arrange three backup generators for the event if power off happen. First aid kits must be available along with the skilled paramedical team and an ambulance for the emergency purpose (Masterman 2014). Supply chain management The event is a charitable event and thus the entire arrangement would be made in such a way that the minimum cost can be availed. In this case, high quality with the best affordable price vendors would be contacted to ensure the success of this unique art event with the street artists. The event manager is required to design the event in such a way that the program is composed of the best transport coordinator, catering team, videographer team and photography team as well as the decoration team (Quinn 2013). It is regardless to mention that all these teams would require a high level of communication and coordination among them, so that the entire function runs smoothly. In case of arranging events like art events, a suitable planning is required to make including proper estimation of prices, proper organizational skills and creativity in designs (Preston 2012). Waste management Wastes must be arranged in such a way that it leaves no negative impact on the nature and the surrounding atmosphere. Having a proper waste management is one of the major corporate social responsibilities of any event organizers and they all must use the cups and the plates that are eco-friendly. At the time of decoration, there must not be the use of any plastics and the use of eco-friendly goods are welcomed at the time of conducting this charitable event. There must be ample dust bins in the floor, so that no guests throw out the used cups and dishes here and there in the floor, as this is unhygienic and visual pollution. it is required to mention that before starting the event, all the guests would be informed about keeping the venue clean and clear. Apart from that, the event manager must arrange proper arrangements on the collection of garbage after the ceremony and a team must be ready all the time to clean up the premises all the time (Masterman 2014). CSR sustainability Tum and Norton (2012) have stated that the event manager must be responsible to design the event in such a way that it contributes positive to the nature. The motto of the event is to donate the money earned from the displayed pictures towards the protection of the wild life. Therefore, the program must promote some ideal values to the society that all the people feel that conservation of wild life is highly essential. Prohibition of plastic is one of the best measures that any charitable event can promote and this unique art event is one of the significant examples in this case (rbkc.gov.uk, 2016). Outdoor Venue Background of the outdoor venue The lands of Royal Parks of London are owned by the monarchy of the United Kingdom. The royal families mostly used these places for hunting. The lands of Royal Parks are the part of the heredity possessions of The Crown. Later, with the increasing urbanization of London, most of these parks were preserved as freely accessible open place. The Crown Lands Act was introduced in the year of 1851 that formed eight parks covering almost 2,000 hectares of land in Greater London (royalparks.org.uk 2016). Those eight parks are Bushy Park (445 hectares), Green Park (19 hectares), Greenwich Park (74 hectares), Hyde Park (142 hectares), Kensington Gardens (111 hectares), Regents Park (166 hectares), St. Jamess Park (23 hectares) and Richmond Park (955 hectares) (royalparks.org.uk 2016). Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens, which are adjacent including Regents Park and St Jamess Park are the biggest green places in Central London. All these parks are managed by The Royal Parks which is an agency of the Department of Culture, Media and Spots. Government of UK funds all these parks. Figure 4: Half Marathon event at Royal Parks (Source: rbkc.gov.uk 2016) License and legal issues The authority of Royal Parks provides different guidelines for small events and big events. Unique Art Event by Street Artist event is a small event. The guideline to get a legal license in order to organize the event in one of the parks is mentioned below, Licensing act 2003: All eight parks are licensed for synchronized entertainment under the Licensing Act 2003.Therefore; it is not required to apply for licenses separately. The local council will provide a copy of conditions that apply to the park. Fees: A rate card for holding events in Royal Parks is available in their website www.royalparks.org.uk/business/holding-events. Fees will be charged based on the number of people who will be attending the event (for some events) and disruption charge (all events) per day. Besides, it is also required to pay for any services that the park authority will provide. Event manager will also have to pay a reinstatement bond that will be returned after the event is successfully completed. This event is a charitable event and the charges for this event absed on the amount of people attending is mentioned below, Number of Visitors Fee 100 visitors 270 101 to 200 Visitors 540 201 to 300 Visitors 810 301 to 400 Visitors 1,080 401 to 500 visitors 1,350 Table 1: Event fee structure of Royal Parks (Source: royalparks.org.uk 2016) Application to hold a small event in Royal Park An application letter should be directed to the park authority, which will describe the activity you are willing to carry out. Contact details are shared in the appendix. Contents that must be included in the letter are, Type of the Event: A description about the event that will be held including its full name. Time and Date: Date and time on which the event will take place must be mentioned. It is also important to provide an alternative date in case the initial date is already occupied by other events. Name of the park: It is already mentioned that there are eight parks under The Royal Parks. Therefore, one should give the name of the park where the event will be organized. Number of participants: If applicable, then it is also important to give details of the numbers of people who are estimated to attend the event. Name of your institute: In the application letter, you will have to mention the name of your organization under which the event will be held. Previous events: If you have organized any event in the same venue, then you will have to give details about it. Entry fee: If your event has entry fees then you will have to state how you are willing to collect money (royalparks.org.uk 2016). Collecting money inside the Royal Parks premises is not allowed. Notice period: For small events, it is important to put your application on or before at least 6 weeks. If your time is short then The Royal Parks authority cannot guarantee an immediate response. If you are planning to organize your event between May and September, then you should submit your application as early as possible. Risk management Risk Description Risk Type Risk Priority Risk control measures Process of monitoring Children at event Parents lose child Medium Staffs and volunteers must be briefed to handle this situation. A separate counter should be there for parents to ask for help. Volunteers should be asked to keep an on the people present at the event Volunteers must carry mobile phones or any other communication tool Event organizers to wear special t-shirts so for easy identification Malfunction or Absence of Fashion Requisite Operational Risk Medium Alternative options should be there to cover the mishap Check all he delivered equipments repeatedly. Follow a notebook to ensure all the required items are delivered. Employee Absenteeism Operational Risk Low Low Ask other employees or staff to share the task of the absent employee. Emergence of Security-related risky situations Operational Risk Low Medium There have to be stringent rules and measures in respect to the security. More than expected visitors Management Risk High Medium It is significant to leave a few places accessible just in case if there are more visitors. Do not use all the park for the event. Table 2: Risk management plan (Source: Author) Health and safety measures The beverages as well as food provided in art event must be checked considering the health and safety of the public. The food of the event must be prepared in such a manner that it will avoid any kind of unfortunate accident regarding the food consumption. It will be strictly prohibited to consume alcohol concerning the people of age under 18. In order to ensure the safety and security of this large number of people the event will extensively focus on hiring the security guard (Keskitalo 2013). This particular art event will be ready for preventing any kind of robbery as well as terror attacks. Moreover, the event will keep in mind to remove the toxic and flammable substances from the general reach of public. In this context, proper approval and support from the legislative department will be acquired so that event can be managed without any kind of hindrances. The event will also be ready for unwanted weather risks. Supply chain management It is essential to carry out a proper planning including funding and budgeting for the art event as it is organized in support of wild life protection. Proper supply chain management will be used to communicate and connect with the suppliers who can provide quality goods for the art event and services at a low price (Rojek 2014). Proper negotiation and lots of research is required before selecting a vendor. Waste management Waste management will be an essential part of this event in order to protect the environment. Plastics, food wastes and other wastes must be disposed in the proper places. Staff members should be aware that all the wastes are disposed properly. After the event is over, the organization responsible for the event will clean up the park (Novikova and Kotenko 2013). If the organizing company while performing waste management shows any irresponsibility, then the Royal Parks management will have to pay penalties. CSR sustainability The major purpose of the art event is to influence the societal perception in a significant fashion. Specifically, the outdoor street art event will be highly successful to create a positive image in the context of society as well as culture. The vital reason of this phenomenal impact is that the art event effectively attract the people based on various cultural practices. The art event can also introduce new talent in the views of people (Jones 2012). This facility increases the attraction of art among the public. Moreover, art event must be based on sustainable approach of event management. In the current aspect, it is assumed that the current art event will be proved sustainable, as it will be strictly planned within the budget. Recommendation After analyzing both indoor and outdoor venues, it is recommended that the organization must conduct the art event at Royal Parks. As this event is being conducted for fund raising, highest possible amount of publicity is required. Advertising is everything for such event. If the event is organized at Chelsea Old Town Hall, then the company will have to execute a massive advertising to reach to the people. On the other hand, if the event is organized in Royal Parks, then it is gain publicity and a larger number of visitors automatically. Besides, the wider area of the parks under Royal Park will allow the event organizing company to invite more and artists in the event. This will attract a larger number of crowds, which will ensure the success of the event. Conclusion In the end, it can be said an art event that will exhibit the capabilities of street artists will surely gain a lot of success. In recent times, the people massively appreciate street art where an artist can draw a portrait of a person within 30 minutes or less. However, the success of such event depends on the depth of the crowd. That is why Royal Parks is selected for this event. These parks are highly popular and stay crowded all day. Therefore, the chances are high that people will gather to experience this event which will make this event a successful one. References Arena, U. and Di Gregorio, F 2014, a waste management planning based on substance flow analysis, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 85, 54-66. Bearzotti, L.A., Salomone, E. and Chiotti, O.J., 2012. An autonomous multi-agent approach to supply chain event management.International Journal of Production Economics,135(1), pp.468-478. Getz, D 2012, Event studies: discourses and future directions, Event Management, 16(2), 171-187. Getz, D 2013, Event studies, Routledge, Boston. Hall, C.M., 2012. Sustainable mega-events: Beyond the myth of balanced approaches to mega-event sustainability.Event Management,16(2), pp.119-131. Heck, C, 2016, System and Method for Managing Events, U.S. Patent 20,160,055,559. Jones, C., 2012. Events and festivals: fit for the future?.Event Management,16(2), pp.107-118. Jones, M 2014, Sustainable Event Management: A practical guide, Routledge, Boston. Keskitalo, E 2013, Climate Change and Flood Risk Management: Adaptation and Extreme Events at the Local Level, Edward Elgar Publishing, Atlanta. Lee, D.H., Lee, H. and Kim, S 2015, Outsourcing Decision-Making Using Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case Study of a Water Park. International Information Institute (Tokyo), Information, 18(11), 4677. Lotem, A., Cohen, G. and Naon, L.B., Skybox Secutiry Inc., 2013.Method for simulation aided security event management. U.S. Patent 8,407,798. Masterman, G., 2014.Strategic sports event management. Routledge. Novikova, E. and Kotenko, I., 2013, February. Analytical visualization techniques for security information and event management. In2013 21st Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing(pp. 519-525). IEEE. Preston, C., 2012.Event marketing: how to successfully promote events, festivals, conventions, and expositions. Wiley. Quinn, B., 2013.Key concepts in event management. London: Sage. rbkc.gov.uk, 2016.Chelsea Old Town Hall | Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. [online] Rbkc.gov.uk. Available at: https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/royal-borough-venues/chelsea-old-town-hall/chelsea-old-town-hall [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. rbkc.gov.uk, 2016.Corporate responsibility. [online] Rbkc.gov.uk. Available at: https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/business-and-enterprise/corporate-responsibility [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. rbkc.gov.uk, 2016.Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. [online] Rbkc.gov.uk. Available at: https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. Rojek, C., 2014. Global event management: A critique.Leisure Studies,33(1), pp.32-47. Rowley, J., 2012. Using case studies in research.Management research news,25(1), pp.16-27. royalparks.org, 2016. Hosting Major Events in The Royal Parks May 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/41779/Hosting-Major-Events-in-the-Royal-Parks.pdf. royalparks.org.uk, 2016.Code of conduct for outdoor fitness training. [online] The Royal Parks. Available at: https://www.royalparks.org.uk/park-management/licences-and-permits/fitness-training-licences/code-of-conduct-for-outdoor-fitness-training [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. royalparks.org.uk, 2016.Holding a major event in the Royal Parks. [online] The Royal Parks. Available at: https://www.royalparks.org.uk/events/holding-events-in-the-royal-parks/major-events [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. royalparks.org.uk, 2016.Holding events in the Royal Parks. [online] The Royal Parks. Available at: https://www.royalparks.org.uk/events/holding-events-in-the-royal-parks [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. royalparks.org.uk, 2016.Hyde Park. [online] The Royal Parks. Available at: https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/hyde-park [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. royalparks.org.uk, 2016.Who we are. [online] The Royal Parks. Available at: https://www.royalparks.org.uk/about-us/who-we-are [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. Tum, J. and Norton, P., 2012.Management of event operations. Routledge, 13(1), pp. 42-55. Walker, J.R. and Walker, J.T., 2012.Introduction to hospitality management. Pearson Higher Ed. Walker, J.R. and Walker, J.T., 2012.Introduction to hospitality management. Pearson Higher Ed, 22(1), pp. 28-32. www.royalparks.org.uk, 2016. [online] www.royalparks.org.uk. Available at: https://www.royalparks.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/61096/Small-Events-Rate-Card.pdf [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. www.royalparks.org.uk, 2016.Holding events in the Royal Parks. [online] The Royal Parks. Available at: https://www.royalparks.org.uk/events/holding-events-in-the-royal-parks [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. Zu, X. and Kaynak, H., 2012. An agency theory perspective on supply chain quality management.International Journal of Operations Production Management,32(4), pp.423-446.

Pollution Essays (586 words) - Packaging Materials, Plastics

Pollution very efficiently transmitted through the generally stiff, metallic and therefore resonant structures. One common way of overcoming the considerable nuisance this can cause for the occupants is by absorbing the vibration and actually converting it to heat using viscoelastic polymer materials, typically based on polyurethanes or acrylics. Over the past 20 years, Swedish Acoustic Products -- Swedac -- has built a track record in overcoming noise and vibration problems using this basic technology. Goran Falk, the company's technical director, claims it is possible to reduce noise levels by 50-70% with the right choice of materials and their effective application. Although we have a range of standard products, the skill comes in knowing how best to use them. One also has to keep an open mind about modifying existing products or designing completely new solutions when the conditions require it, he says. Falk believes that sound and vibration suppression should be an integral element of the design of the structure as a whole and not an 'add-on'. For this reason, Swedac offers sound-damping engineering consultancy to ship and offshore platform designers and builders. The company has supplied over 200,000 m2 of sound-damping deck coverings over the past 15 years. These generally consist of a trowel-applied liquid polymer, which, when dry, is overlaid with an SBR latex concrete. If speed of application is an issue, the liquid-applied polymer can be replaced with an adhesively-bonded polymer sheet. Where the requirements are more stringent, for example, in laboratory areas, the company can offer a 'floating floor'. This comprises proprietary sound-damping PVP (plate/viscoelastic polymer/plate) laminate plates laid on top of 50mm of mineral wool (140-150 Kg/m3). The sound-damping plates, which were conceived by Swedac, consist of two layers of steel or aluminium, each 2 or 3 mm thick, separated by a thin layer of viscoelastic polymer. While the performance of this type of system is impressive, even better sound and vibration suppression can be achieved, particularly at the lower frequencies commonly produced by engines, propellers, mud pumps and so on, by combining the floating floor with the company's standard viscoelastic polymer plus SBR latex concrete system (Figure 1). The measured insertion loss, ILv, expressed in dB for this system over a range of frequencies is shown in Figure 2. Emtunga modules Swedac has developed similar but thinner (2 mm total) and lighter PVP laminate plates for attaching to bulkheads to reduce noise transmission between cabins. Emtunga has used these extensively in the construction of accommodation modules. In another variation on this theme, Swedac has supplied single steel sheets to Kvaerner with a layer of viscoelastic polymer that can be easily bonded to an existing steel surface. Kvaerner regularly uses this product on the plinths supporting water injection pumps on offshore platforms. Recognizing that noise and vibration problems may only manifest themselves when structures have been completed and that older vessels may need to be upgraded, Swedac has also developed a cassette damping system for retro-fitting to bulkheads, vessel sides and beneath floors -- essentially anywhere in the noise path -- within ships and offshore platforms. These are simply a narrow steel trough containing viscoelastic polymer into which has been set a series of steel lugs to allow welding to the structure. Swedac supplied its products and services widely in the offshore sector during the 1990s but suffered, like most suppliers, from the downturn towards the end of the decade. It switched its attention to the cruise ship market where it has Political Issues

Critical study of software copyright and piracy in China The WritePass Journal

Critical study of software copyright and piracy in China Chapter I Critical study of software copyright and piracy in China ABSTRACTChapter IIntroductionCHAPTER IILiterature review2.1 China`s background in copyright law2.2   Globalization and software piracy2.3   Culture and software piracy2.4 The Chinese government, Communist ideology in software piracyCHAPTER IIIMethodologyCHAPTER IVFinding and Discussion4.1 Finding 4.1.1 Software products: cost, usability and accessibility Thirdly, they cited that the copyright software`s are not valuable comparing to their price, for instance, by installing WINDOWS XP, it requires anti-virus as well to protect is and this will cost an extra money and pirated software`s functions are same as original one`s. Thus, it is not valuable. It can assume that there is another side to disagree with their thought in terms of cost, if comparing the price of software product with other spending. Since they can tolerate with others spending, there is no reason to reject software prices.4.2 Discussion CHAPTER VI5 CONCLUSIONReferences:Related ABSTRACT This study aim to demonstrate Chinese students’ attitude towards software copyright and piracy in China. This paper has selected a small group of Chinese student to evaluate their presumption and data were collected by using interview among this group. There are some factors which has a significant impact on piracy. Therefore, for finding out the validity and add extra elements in finding and discussion chapter will present new items which has a role in software piracy. Thus, this research has some limitation such as the number of sample and the matter of time. Hence, the result of this research cannot be valid. Chapter I Introduction In the past few years, there has been a doubt among the Chinese software users regarding the use of pirated software from the legal point of view. In addition to software users, anyone who is involved in the software copyright and piracy issues, is confronted with this question that if the pirate act is illegal or not (Croix Konan, 2002). Answering this question requires to consider the perception of each individual Chinese software users regarding the software copyright and piracy. Whereby, awareness of Chinese users in decision-making has a direct impact on their piracy behaviour in terms of using pirated software (Liang Yan, 2005). To explore how Chinese software users recognize the matter of software copyright and piracy it is crucial to understand the function of copyright and piracy protection law, In fact, copyright and piracy protection law are the subset of the intellectual property law (IP) which has been considerably enhanced in the recent years.   According to a definition provided by World Intellectual Property (WIPO, 2006) â€Å"intellectual property can be anything which creates by human mind such as, inventions, literary and artistic works†. On the other side, software piracy is opposite of the copyright law in which has increased along with the extension in popularity of internet in 1999 (Katz, 2005). Currently, China is under the World Trade Organisation (WTO) agreement, which compels China to have transparency on intellectual property protection in terms of laws, regulations, administrative rules and judicial decisions (Panitchpakdi Clifford, 2002). Hence, this study places emphasis on Chinese student various perceptions regarding the software copyright and piracy. The next chapter will review the existing literature review and evaluate different point of views. Furthermore, it will emphasize on methodology chapter to illustrate the method of collecting data. Moreover, in finding and discussion chapter will demonstrate and analyse the information towards answering research question and finally will present conclusion. CHAPTER II Literature review 2.1 China`s background in copyright law From the historical point of view, for the first time, copy right law came into existence in ancient China and the creation of copyright in China was initiated by the innovation of printing by Bi Sheng in AD 1042. Moreover, compared to European countries the technique of printing had developed centuries earlier in China (Mertha, 2005). According to Martha (2005), in 1910, the first draft of author`s right was published and a number of punishments for unapproved use were established. WIPO (2006) state thatAfter the Cultural Revolution,in 1979 China entered into a new stage of modern legal system which contained the copyright structure and was an important step to connect to the outside world. Subsequently, as WIPO (2006) assert that â€Å"China has joined the world intellectual property organization in 1980†. Bently Sherman (2001) explained that copyright was originally intended primarily for the protection of authors, artists and composers to provide a legal foundation for the innumerable transactions by which they are paid for their work. Croix Konan (2002) explained that the first aim of copyright law is to provide the security for author`s right from abusing in illegal way.   World intellectual property organization (WIPO, 2006) defines â€Å"copyright† as legal point of view in order to maintaining creator’s right and securing his/her â€Å"work†. In addition, the term â€Å"work† is used by intellectual property law in various aspects such as; novels, poems, plays, databases and computer programs. Generally, copyright laws are executed diversely in different countries around the world (Marron Steel, 2000). For instance, The European Countries and North America have tough copyright laws and enforce them determinedly. Meanwhile, there are some countries which have determined copyright laws but their courts are unwilling to enforce them. Furthermore, there are developing countries in which their principles are based on Islamic patterns and do not have adequate laws in terms of copy right ( Marron Steel, 2000). From worldwide viewpoint, entering China to the global network has generated a massive capability in order to share and observe information through new approaches, especially byInternet (Croix Konan, 2002). However, in recent years, the international business society has mentioned that there has been a doubt regarding China`s malfunction towards limiting international property infringement (Mertha, 2005). 2.2   Globalization and software piracy Bently and Sherman (2001) assert that, the original concept of copyright is surrounded by boundaries’ inside of the state, Thus, the security of copyright protection will be in danger if it operates beyond the country and goes through the national world. Therefore, the fence would be break down by the development of globalization and establish copyright as boundless subject in international trade. Consequently, developed countries realize that it is crucial to make some alteration in enforcement of copyright protection across the national borders. Therefore, due to unexpected economic growth in China, it has become the main target of whole global copyright enforcement, such as US and the European Union (Halbert, 1997). IIPA (2006) declared that the progression of globalization transforms software copyright and piracy from internal issue to universal matter among countries. Furthermore, due to the fact that China has been faced with a huge amount of piracy, it has been constantly criticized by other countries regarding the lack of enforcement and ability to protect software copyright. 2.3   Culture and software piracy Mum (2003) argued that cultural differences is one of the most significant aspects that should be considered in China`s software copyright and piracy and has a main role on development copyright in China. From western perspective, individual’s freedom and benefits often put emphasis on public shared benefits. In contrast, as a traditional Chinese point of view, individuals are part of society and are obliged to present their creation and innovation to the community (Mum, 2003).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Considering the two mentioned viewpoints, it can state that the eastern minds are totally different from western minds, regarding that in western society intellectual theft is not appreciated, meanwhile, it is a new concept to many Chinese. In addition, Yu (2001) pointed out that in traditional Chinese culture copying regarded as honourable and necessary fact. Husted (2000) stated that the rate of piracy in China has a great connection with cultural dichotomy of individualism and collectivism.   In addition, Marron and Steel`s (2000) found out that countries in which their principles is based on individualistic culture have a lower piracy rates comparing to the countries which have collectivistic culture. According to Wang, Zhang, and Ouyang (2005a) the correlation between pirated software purchasing and cultural subject in China is more expected to be engaged in the theft of software programs or sharing intellectual property. In fact, collectivist culture can be one of the great factors that might be the cause of the prevalence of software piracy in China. 2.4 The Chinese government, Communist ideology in software piracy Croix Konan (2002) argued that China`s government has been considerably attempting to change the legislation and policy making process in terms of prevent pirating.   For instance, China government closed 9 factories from 18 which were producing pirated software’s and presenting illegal Cd`s in domestic market. However, despite the considerable reforms by China government regarding the implement of copyright enforcement, there are some domestic factors which make the matter worse (Mertha, 2005). Lu and Weber (2008) explored that China government should consider about the economical and political environments of public and private dimensions of software copyright to cover external and internal challenges. In addition, Communism philosophy in which its main principal is based on everything belongs to society and people, rather than private owners has been existed in China since 1949. Consequently, Communist thought of copyright are fundamentally well-matched with traditional Chinese culture, because they support each other to shape Chinese people`s attitude in the direction of decreasing copyright protection. Overall, the literature review includes variety of research areas and identifies a group of structural factors relating to software copyright and piracy in China. Meanwhile, the literature review has some limitation, for example, it uncovers the behaviour element which is crucial in act of piracy, but it will be covered in finding and discussion chapter by interviewing from Chinese student. CHAPTER III Methodology Generally speaking, the nature of human beings has been always concerned about what is happening surround them. In order to understand their surroundings they began to search regarding their requirements which at least named research. According to Cohen et al (2007) research is a process of planning, executing and investing in terms to find answer to our specific questions. In addition, getting reliable answers needs an investigation in a systematic manner and will be easier for reader to understand. Achieving these ends requires research methods. In this study, the research philosophy is examined by interpretivism. Bryman Bell (2003) defined it as an epistemological position that enquires the social scientist to grasp the subjective meaning of social action. Furthermore, the inductive approach has undertaken to this study in terms of understand the nature of problem, by which, it enables researcher to take more information about the research. (Bryman Bell, 2003). Evaluating about philosophy and approach, now it should consider that the research method is done by mono method meaning that is qualitative and by the nature of it, has a great advantages for this research. It was chosen because the research approach was based on inductive methods and it requires an exploration of detailed in depth about data. Denzin Lincoln (2000) believed that using this method able researcher to explain, translate and otherwise come to the terms with the meaning. This study will carry out both primary and secondary research. The primary research will be examined by doing an interview based on semi-structured type from a group of Chinese student which will be within an age group of 22-28. The semi-structured interview was designed by some relevant questions in order to answer the research question, further information will be on (appendix 1). An interview has chosen as a method for primary research for the reason that it is one of the methods by which the human world may be explored, although it is the world of beliefs and meanings, not of actions that is clarified by interview research. Bryman Bell (2003) pointed out that interviewing provide a wide range of data collection. Thus, it helps researcher to find out how people regard situations from their point of view. In this research, because the emphasize is basically based on the area of   intellectual property law and as far as everyone are concerned, this field is extremely complicated and cannot be expressed in closed questions. Hence, semi-structured interviews have chosen because it has a great benefit for conducting this research. Moreover, it is based on an open-ended question. In addition, Bryman Bell (2003) argued that this approach can be used to gain different comments and offers the interviewer the chance to investigate an issue or service. In addition, it gives the interviewee an opportunity to share general views or their opinions in details. Apart from the benefits of this method, it has some disadvantages such as: it requires interviewing skill and need to have the skill to analyse the data. Furthermore, it should be done on sufficient group of people in order to make general comparison. Moreover, it is really time consuming and researcher should be able to ensure confidentia lly ( Saunders et al, 2003). It is crucial to mentioned that ethical concerns will emerge as the research planning starts. As Blumberg et al cited in Saunders et al (2007) argued that â€Å"ethics refers to the moral principles, norms or standards of behaviour that guide moral choices about our relationship with other†. Furthermore, in order to ensure confidentiality, this research will only consider about the age of the Chinese students and will not emphasise on their name or their institute (see appendix 2). To answer the research question, Chinese student attitude is examined in order to explore how they perceive the issue of software copyright and piracy and with the aim of give the sense of security to interviewee at the first of interview it will mention that the process will be recorded to ensure the crucial information is not omitted from the note taking. Overall, in this study by using qualitative approach with semi-structured interview will prepare a suitable occasion in terms of collecting a great deal of information from Chinese student regarding their point of view about software copyright and piracy in their country. Furthermore, it is expected that 10 interviews will be conducted and the sample will just measured by their age and the interview will be carried out in person by the researcher on site at the University Of Sheffield. Moreover, information from interviews will be classified into coding and categories, which can be derived from research question and the literature. CHAPTER IV Finding and Discussion 4.1 Finding This chapter aims to answer the research question which was about Chinese student attitude towards software copyright and piracy. To answer this question, this research is carried out by choosing a smaller society of Chinese users, namely Chinese students, in which their perception in terms of software copyrights and piracy in China will be examined. As it mentioned in methodology, in order to analyze the data, this research will categorize and coding the data which has conducted from Chinese student attitude, then it will examine the findings and discussion and finally will demonstrate the conclusion. The findings will categorized and coded by what interviewees mentioned regarding software copyright and piracy, for example, some of people express that the price of the copyright software`s are too expensive. Meanwhile, others pointed out that the general income of people in China cannot afford copyright products and on quarter of participants said that copyright products actual value does not deserve that high price. Therefore, this category named as cost with three subcategorized; price, income, value and coded as a software products. Secondly, half of the interviewee mentioned that pirated software`s are accessible and it can used them without any limitation, whereby, original software`s has the restriction of usage. Moreover, this opinion categorized by usability and accessibility of software products. Thirdly, from findings it can find out 9 of 10 participants disagreed with the culture as an element which has an impact on a software copyright and piracy. By contrast, in literature review in culture and software piracy some author`s were explained that culture has a considerable relation with software copyright and piracy. Furthermore, some interviewees expressed that some issues, for example, education or gaining knowledge should not consider as piracy, additionally,   using software`s for a personal need without any intention of using   in illegal way is not piracy. Finally, the item that generally accepted by applicant was China`s government, which they state that the main power who can enforce the copyright law and prevent piracy is government. Thus the first section was categorized by social development and cultural affect and the later section was grouped as Chinese government, which these two parts coded as a china development. To clarify the structure the complete codi ng frame is established in (Appendix 3). 4.1.1 Software products: cost, usability and accessibility Cost, usability and accessibility play critical roles in decision-making whether to use pirated software or not among Chinese student attitudes. Among all of discussions cost is consistently mentioned as a reason to choose pirated software. Therefore, three subject matter illustrates from which will evaluate by participants viewpoints. Generally speaking, first of all, was the cost to buy copyright software. As they state that buying original WINDOWS XP in China is really expensive. Secondly, because of high prices for software products most of the people especially students and low-income earners are not able to afford the price. Thirdly, they cited that the copyright software`s are not valuable comparing to their price, for instance, by installing WINDOWS XP, it requires anti-virus as well to protect is and this will cost an extra money and pirated software`s functions are same as original one`s. Thus, it is not valuable. It can assume that there is another side to disagree with their thought in terms of cost, if comparing the price of software product with other spending. Since they can tolerate with others spending, there is no reason to reject software prices. 4.1.2 China development:   Social development and Chinese government As it mentioned in literature review chapter there were two factors which also found by evaluating  Ã‚   Chinese student presumption toward software   copyright and piracy which is constantly, government policy and culture. Furthermore, participant conflicting views about those items and stating short words or sentences; it cannot provide valuable information about significant issues such as government policy and cultural affect. Therefore, in order to generalize their viewpoint it can state that, after Cultural Revolution in China and joining to the World intellectual property organization there has been a significant changes in terms of education, technology and the level of science through out of China (WIPO, 2006). Generally speaking, interviewees pointed out that the China government has the main power in order to prevent software piracy and change the policy towards enforcement of copyright law. Moreover, it can maintain that in spite of the power to enforce, why Chinese government does not really want to stop piracy. Furthermore, participants discussed that because of the matter of population and as China is among developing countries, government and authorities really feels the lack of knowledge and because they want to increase their literacy and awareness, they are not as strict as developed countries. 4.2 Discussion With the establishment of coding frame, this study will applies axial coding to make a connection between categories and sub categories. First, the participant’s perception develops from the issue which coded as software products with three subcategories.   In the category of software product user`s resistance focused on copyright software`s high cost and poor usability and accessibility. In contrast, user`s are likely to use pirated software which low cost and good usability and accessibility. On the other hand, the interviewee which protects software copyright law, refuse to accept cost and excuses for piracy use. Second, in the category of China development which was generally analysed, it can mention that   government policy in China is trying to educated and boosts the knowledge within the people, but this cannot be the reason to use piracy software’s or make author`s work invaluable. In other world, participants believe that Chinese government does not really want to limit piracy. Form their discussion it can find out government has a great interest in piracy regarding market economy. This study has found that in general Chinese student attitude towards software copyright and piracy mainly suffers from the phenomena which so-called Cost and the accessibility of pirated software’s. Furthermore, this paper has some limitation which will decrease the validity of this research, such as; the number of sample was not that much great to evaluate and examine the other perceptions, another item was the limitation of time, which was considerable for this research. Furthermore, it is suggested that copyright owners should lower down their retail prices of their products to the lower degree, by which, Chinese user`s be able to afford it. CHAPTER VI 5 CONCLUSION This study set out to examine how Chinese student are aware of software copyright and piracy in China. A small sample of Chinese student was selected to illustrate extra elements a part form literature review, which has significant role on using pirated software’s. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by Bryman Bell (2003). Overall in can conclude that, the fact that China started to play a more and more important role in today’s world and its development cannot be easily stopped or reversed. Therefore, like developed countries, China should redesign and change the software copyright law in order to minimize the amount of piracy in world. References: Bently, L, Sherman, B. (2001). Intellectual property law. New York: Oxford University Press. Blaxter,L, Hughes, C, Tight, M. (2001). How to research. (2 edn). Buckingham: Open University Press. Bryman,A, Bell, E. (2003). Business Research Methods. New York: Oxford UniversityPress. Business Software Alliance. (2004). BSA and IDC global software piracy study. Retrieved January 28, 2005, from bsa.org/China/globalstudy Cohen, L, Manion, L, Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methodes In Education. ( 6 edn). London: Routledge. Croix, S. J., Konan, D. E. (2002). Intellectual property rights in China: The changing political economy of Chinese-American interests. The World Economy, 25, 759-788. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Gubrium, J. F., Holstein, J. A. (1997). The new language of qualitative method. New York: Oxford University Press. Halbert, D. (1997). Intellectual property piracy: The narrative construction of deviance. International Journal for Semiotics of Law, X (28), 55-78. International Intellectual Property Alliance. (2006). The 2006 special 301 report: People’s Republic of China. Retrieved August 28, 2006, from IIPA Web site: iipa.com/rbc/2006/2006SPEC301PRC.pdf Katz, A. (2005). A network effects perspective: On software piracy. University of Toronto Law Journal, 55, 155-160. Lindlof, T. R., Taylor, B. C. (2002). Qualitative communication research methods (2nd ed.). London: Sage. Lu, J., Weber, I. (2008). Chinese government and software copyright: Manipulating the boundaries between public and private. International Journal of Communication, 1, 81-99. Marron, D. B., Steel, D. G. (2000). Which countries protect intellectual property? The case of software piracy. Economic Inquiry, 38 (2), 159-74. Mertha, A. (2005). The politics of piracy: Intellectual property in contemporary China. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.   Mum, S. H. (2003). A new approach to U. S. copyright policy against piracy in China. Symposium conducted at the 53rd Annual Convention of the International Communication Association, San Diego, California, United States. Nicol, C. (Ed.). (2003). ICT policy: A beginners handbook. Johannesburg, South Africa: Association for Progressive Communication. Panitchpakdi, S., Clifford, M. L. (2002). China and the WTO: Changing China, changing world trade. Singapore: John Wiley Sons (Asia). Saunders, s. Lewis, P. And Thornhill, A. (2003). Research Methods for Business Students. Third edition. Pearson education limited. Wang, F., Zhang, H. Ouyang, M. (2005a). Software piracy and ethical decision making behaviour of Chinese consumers. Journal of Comparative International Management, 8(2), 43-56.   Wang, F., Zhang, H., Zang, H. Ouyang, M. (2005b). Purchasing pirated software: An initial examination of Chinese consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(6),340-51 World Intellectual Property Organization. (n.d.). Copyright and related rights. Retrieved October 14, 2006, from World Intellectual Property Organization Web site: wipo.int/about-ip/en/copyright.html Yu, P.K. (2001). Piracy, prejudice, and perspectives: An attempt to use Shakespeare to reconfigure the U. S.-China intellectual property debate. Working Paper Series, 38, Jacob Burns Institute for Advanced Legal Studies. Retrieved,October13,2006fromhttp://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=262530

A Guide to Bursitis

A Guide to Bursitis Bursitis is defined as the irritation or inflammation of a bursa (fluid filled sacs attached to joints). It most commonly occurs in adults over 40 years of age and results in discomfort or loss of motion in the affected joint.   What Is a Bursa? A bursa is a fluid-filled sac located around joints in the body that reduce friction and ease movement as tendons or muscles pass over bones or skin. They are located around joints and reduce friction and ease movement as tendons or muscles pass over bones or skin. Bursas are found next to all joints in the body.   What Are the Symptoms of Bursitis? The main symptom of bursitis is experiencing pain in the joints in the body - usually occurring in the shoulder, knee, elbow, hip, heel, and thumb. This pain may start subtle and build to extremely intense, especially in the presence of calcium deposits in the bursa. Tenderness, swelling, and warmth often accompany or precede this pain. Reduction in or loss of motion at the affected joint can also be symptomatic of more severe bursitis, such as the case of frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis wherein the pain from bursitis makes the patient incapable of moving the shoulder What Causes Bursitis? Bursitis can be caused by acute or repetitive traumatic impact to the bursa, repetitive stress through overuse of the joint, and post operation or injury infections.   Age is one of the primary factors that cause bursitis. Due to prolonged stress on joints, especially those requiring daily use, tendons toughen and become less tolerant of stress, less elastic, and easier to tear resulting in an increased likelihood the bursa could become irritated or inflamed.  At-risk patients should use caution when engaging in activities that cause extensive stress to joints, such as gardening and many physically stressful sports, as they have also been known to carry a high-risk for causing the irritation.  Other medical conditions that cause additional joint stress (such as tendonitis and arthritis) may also increase a persons risk.   How Do I Prevent Bursitis? Being aware of the strain daily activities have on your joints, tendons and bursas can greatly reduce the likelihood of getting bursitis. For patients beginning a new exercise routine, stretching properly and gradually building up stress and repetition will help mitigate the possibility of a repetitive stress injury. However, since age is one of the primary causes of the ailment, bursitis is not entirely preventable.   How Do I Know If I Have Bursitis? Bursitis is difficult to diagnose as it shares many symptoms with tendonitis and arthritis. As a result, identification of symptoms and knowledge of causes can lead to a proper diagnosis of bursitis. Follow  these tips if you have been diagnosed with a repetitive stress injury and use a visual pain scale to track and identify your pain to help determine if you have bursitis. If symptoms do not alleviate after a couple of weeks of self-care, the pain becomes too severe, swelling or redness occurs or a fever develops, you should schedule a consult with your physician.

Discussion Week 5 New Product Development and The Product Life Cycle Assignment

Discussion Week 5 New Product Development and The Product Life Cycle - Assignment Example that would initially enhance product awareness and sustain efforts for product recall; and (2) maintaining an effective competitive pricing strategy that would affirm the product’s core competencies and advantage over its competitors through time. An effective and well sustained advertising and promotional campaigns would ensure that the target market would be aptly aware, persuaded to purchase, and affirm loyalty to the product. Likewise, through these efforts, loyal customers would also invite others to purchase the product. On the other hand, maintaining a competitive pricing strategy would assist in confirming that customers would prefer purchasing their product due to other features, in conjunction with their competitive prices, as compared to those charged by competitors. As such, by not pricing the product way above competition or way below, customers would acknowledge preference to their product over their product life cycle. 2. From the e-Activity (Video) located at bottom, imagine you are on the marketing team for the Smart Car Company, which is looking to expand its current automobile offerings. First, propose one (1) possible new product or extension that your team could offer to either Smart Car Company’s existing target or a new target market. Next, formulate one (1) strategy for marketing your product to your selected market. Justify your response by comparing your strategy to the current Smart Car market and the challenges it is strategically facing. A possible new product extension that could be offered to a new target market for the Smart Car Company (Chapter 8: New Products, n.d.) is focusing on offering this to young professionals who are just beginning to exhibit professional growth. Due to the extremely good price which is considerably low, young professionals could be targeted as potential new clients who could easily afford to buy this. After defining this new target market, the strategy to market this product would be designed as

Economics game theory paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics game theory paper - Essay Example Rationality is the first basic assumption of consumer behaviour in microeconomic theory. The implication of rationality is that the consumer’s decisions are motivated by the pursuit of maximizing his/her own utility. In the context of long term health insurance, the rational consumer’s objective is to maximize his utility over the long run by insuring against possible utility losses resulting from ailments. Therefore, if the consumer is rational, under certainty, that is if the consumer knew the exact health contingencies that will occur, the purchase will be made only if the resulting long run utility of the purchase is (weakly) greater than the long run utility of the consumer if he/she does not make the purchase. However, what complicates the situation is that the occurrence of some event that causes damage to health is random and the consumer does not know whether it will occur or not at the time of making the purchase. Therefore, the consumer can maximize only his/ her expected utility through buying or not buying the insurance (Varian, 1997). We now turn to the other important assumption regarding the consumer that we shall abide by – intelligence. The assumption of intelligence comes from nomenclature of game theory. Game theory is essentially a method of mathematically modeling situations of conflict or co-operation (Gibbons, 1992). Intelligent players are players who have the capacity to infer anything about the game that we, the studiers of the game are. More precisely, the implication of the players being intelligent is that if we are able to infer that a given strategy is optimal for any particular player subject to the strategy choice of the rival players, then each and every player of the game will be able to draw the same inference as well (Kreps, 1990). We shall assume that the consumer under consideration is both rational and intelligent. We model the given situation as that of a two player stage game. Player one is a ration al and intelligent consumer and Player two is Mother Nature. To keep things simple we assume that there are two possible states of the world - accident and no accident; and which one is to be realized is a decision made by Mother Nature. Suppose Mother Nature chooses the no-accident state with probability P and this probability is common knowledge. At the time of deciding on the purchase, Player 1 does not know whether he faces an accident or not. Suppose Player 1 earns X1 if the no accident state materializes and earns X2 if the accident state materializes, where X1> X2. Essentially we are assuming that the monetary value of the consumer’s health to himself if there are no accidents is X1 and this reduces to X2 if there is an accident. Define U(X) as the consumer’s utility function with U’ > 0 and U’’ U (X1) > U (X2). Now, to bring in the role of insurance in this setup, suppose that the consumer can purchase insurance against the accident state. Particularly, assume that if the consumer pays a premium ‘K’ then a lump sum transfer of ‘L’ is made to him if the accident state is realized in stage 2. Therefore, contemplating purchasing insurance can be rational only under the following condition: U (X2) < U (X2 +L-K). Mother Nature picks the state of the world. We assume her to be indifferent between the ‘