Social inequality in 1820s Essay examples -- essays papers

Social inequality in 1820s Social equality has been a goal of America since its very beginning. However, it was only an intention to be socially equal, but not a goal. Social equality or the fact that all men were created equal only applied to the white man. There was no intention in meaning that the blacks and Indians or even the women were equal. In the eyes of the delegates, and the common white majority, blacks, indians, and women were not an issue. To them, it was apparent that blacks were kids, Indians were savages, and women were homemakers. From the late 18th century to the mid 19th century was the greatest era of social and racial inequality in all American history. The Declaration of Independence states, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." This infamous passage written by Thomas Jefferson on July 4th, 1776, states that ALL men are created equal and are entitled to Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. Although this statement has been argued about its actual meaning hundreds of times by students, philosophers, historians, etc., it still is relevant in discussing the true intentions of the new nation. If all men were created equal then why were there slaves? Why did the government deny the Indians of their rights? Why was there so much injustice? That phrase simply meant that all free citizens were politically equal. This did not apply to blacks or women under the eyes of the signers. As time went by, the meaning "All Men are created equal" took a meaning different t han that of the common people in 1776. The years following the establishment of the new nation were times of refining and tuning of the new government. The question of the true meaning of "All Men are Created Equal" arised again and again until it influenced the minds of Americans that is was time for social equality. In order to understand the reasons why blacks were treated so cruelly and socially unequal is to understand the perspective of whites in the era from the late 18th century to the late 19th century. "It (the south) must pettify the institution and its own reactions, must begin to boast at its own Great Heart. To have heard them talk, indeed, you would have thought the sole reason ... ...m to move in the dead of winter. In other words, the Indians were said to have had rights, but never really had any because the American Government constantly changed the rules because of their lack of respect towards the Indians and their belief that they were inferior. In Conclusion, the period between the late 18th century to the mid 19th century was one of the most socially and racially unequal times in all of AMerican History. The rights described in our Declaration of Independence were irrelevant to minorities, the assumption that "All Men Are Created Equal" was only applied to white men and not minorities like Blacks and Indians. Blacks were treated like children in this period, thought to be inferior and uncivilized and therefore not even rights. Even worse, Indians were promised rights and land, only to have both stripped from them by the American government through means of "treaties", agreements, and war. This period was truly one of the most wrong and unequal periods of American History, however, it was a landmark in the creation of a new nation. While all these social inequalities existed, America flourished and grew to be one of the greatest nations in the world.

Language Change Essay

The history of English language has seen many changes due to social and cultural influences with an array of reactions from its users. English has changed due to the ever emerging technologies and the need use them as efficiently as possible. The views and values of its users have a huge impact on the direction language takes in the way it changes and develops. Although there are many people who accept and embrace the changes in language, there are just as many people whom believe otherwise. People’s views of one another and social cultural values change over time and this affects the connotations attached to words and ideas. The users of a language are the sole cause to why words change or lose meaning to become obsolete because their current perceptions will be reflected in the language. A number of words have come to carry sexual connotations due to the idea becoming a taboo topic of conversation, and therefore people used other words along with body language to imply these ideas. Words such as â€Å"hussy† and â€Å"slut†, which originally meant ‘housewife’ and ‘untidy’, have come to mean ‘promiscuous women’ and ‘loose women’. This reflects the change in perception of women’s sexuality and social roles, and how women are being degraded to be seen as sex objects. As words can gain meaning, they can also lose meaning. An example of this is the word â€Å"fuck†, which originally had the connotations relating to ‘sex’ and ‘sexual activity’, it is now used freely as a means to express many different emotions and no longer thought of as a sexual word although the connotations still exist. Words change to suit the needs of its users of the current time, sometimes the original meaning is carried until today while others change drastically. It is argued that texting has â€Å"destroyed† the language with all its shorthand and the language is going â€Å"down-hill† because young people are not using language correctly, however many linguist believe otherwise. The use of â€Å"abbreviated† language has been used â€Å"ever since [the language] began to be written down† and it is not just used by the young people but people of all ages. History shows that Anglo-saxon scribes used abbreviations such as â€Å"&† for ‘and’ and â€Å"3† for ‘three’, which have now even become standard, this proves that texting is not what initiated written language to be used this way. The growth of â€Å"abbreviated† language paired with the need for faster written communication has caused the language to be used with less grammar and therefore the language is not used correctly. However, Charlie Higsons (author) says that â€Å"the only function [language] needs to perform is to be understood† and therefore correct use of grammar is not necessary in spontaneous contexts. These people, often referred to as â€Å"grammar Nazis†, are bothering â€Å"with [language] in quite the wrong way† as expressed by Stephen Fry. The English language has always changed and will continue to change as long as its users’ social cultural views and values change, and as the contexts in which the language can be used expand. People will have an opinion on the changes in language, irrespective of time. Whether they like it or not language change is inevitable, therefore its users should see this in a positive light and help change the language so it can become more expressive and diverse.

Comparison of Memory Management Systems of Bsd, Windows,...

Comparison of Memory Management Systems of BSD, Windows, and Linux Gaurang Khetan Graduate Student, Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. gkhetan@usc.edu December 16, 2002 Abstract This paper is a study of memory management systems of an operating system. We begin with a brief introduction to memory management systems and then we compare the memory management systems of reallife operating systems - BSD4.4, Windows 2000 and Linux 2.4 1 Introduction based on it. Moreover, it is very well documented in [12]. Windows 2000 was chosen since it is a very popular operating system for use as a desktop especially with beginners, and has now evolved into a mature operating system. Linux [4]†¦show more content†¦Coffman and Denning [2] characterize paging systems by three important policies: 1. When the system loads pages into memory - the fetch policy. 2. Where the system places pages into memory the placement policy 3. How the system selects pages to be removed from main memory when pages are unavailable for a placement request - the page replacement policy. The placement policy is of importance only for optimizing certain behavior [16]. So, practically, the behavior of a paging system is dependent only on the fetch and placement policy. In most modern systems, for the fetch policy a demand paging system is used in which the system brings a page to memory only when it is required, however sometimes prepaging certain pages that are expected to be required. With regard to the page replacement policy, many algorithms have been developed over the years. An account can be found in [19]. Comparisons of performance of page replacement algorithms can be found in many papers, such as [15]. Instead of describing each of the system’s MM system in detail, which will be a very long exercise, we compare here some of their signiï ¬ cant parts. All the three systems have modern MM systems, and have surprisingly a lot in common. The data structures are quite similar, and the features of each are also quite similar. Some similarities of these systems areShow MoreRelatedA Short Note On Linux, Windows And Freebsd1775 Words   |  8 PagesI/O Comparison between Linux, Windows and FreeBSD Name University Executive Summary This study compares the I/O functionalities such as data structures, algorithms and cryptograpy between Linux, Windows, and FreeBSD. Most importantly, the data structures used in block and character devices for Windows and FreeBSD are also compared against those of Linux operating system. With respect to I/O operations, this study specifically examines the different types of devices, I/O scheduling, and so forthRead MoreWhat Is A Operating System?749 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is a operating system? An  operating system  is the most essential software that is placed in a computer. It achieves the computer s memory and procedures, and the software and hardware. Also, it importantly allows you to interact with the computer itself even if you cant speak the computers language. It provides mutual services for computer programs. Some examples of operating systems are Windows (vista, 7), Mac OS, Haiku, Linux, BSD. Command line operating systems Some examples of commandRead More3 Platform Research Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesMohiuddin Rana Windows Server: Windows Server is a server operating system from Microsoft Corporation. Windows Server offers ease of management through its interface. The Windows Sever web hosting environment supports major Web programming languages and databases such as PHP, MySQL, ASP.NET and MS SQL. Unix (Linux) Server: Unix is a registered trademark of  The Open Group  that refers to a family of computer operating systems. Officially licensed Unix operating systems include OS X (Apple),Read MoreLinex VS Mac VS Windows2805 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿ Linux vs. Mac vs. Windows Linux vs. Mac vs. Windows The operating systems Linux ®, Macintosh ® (Mac) and Microsoft ® Windows ® are the main software to every computer system to run properly along with other hardware. These operating systems (OS s) are very different in several ways, but they also have some similarities too. Linux, Mac and Windows use memory management, process management, file management and security management to operate the computerRead MoreFeature Comparison Between Windows and Linux2459 Words   |  10 PagesFeature Comparison between Windows and Linux Introduction The basic definition of an operating system is a program that provides an interface to interact with the computer. It manages the computer’s hardware and software and provides a platform for other application programs. This report discusses the various aspects of an operating system with respect to Microsoft Windows which is a family of proprietary operating systems and Linux, which is a sub-category of UNIX. Operating systems thus notRead More Linux Operating Systems Essay2133 Words   |  9 PagesThe most popular UNIX-system design end of the XX century has become an inexpensive alternative to expensive (HP-UNIX, SUN Solaris, Digital UNIX) solutions - Operating System (OS etc.) Linux. Today the pace of market development of this system compared to other well-known operating systems is the most intense (Stutz 2004). The strength of the Linux operating system is its flexibility: The system covers the entire range of applications - from desktop PC to multiprocessor servers and super clustersRead MoreWin32 Api and Posix Api Comparison984 Words   |  4 PagesWS... SLU Baguio City Philippines BSIT-2 Comparison between WIN32 API and POSIX API Win32 API is Microsoft’s core set of application programming interfaces available in the Microsoft Windows operating systems while POSIX API, an acronym for â€Å"Portable Operating System Interface (for Unix)† is a core set of application programming interfaces, shell, and utilities interfaces for software compatible with variants on the Unix operating system. Each of which has its own style of implementationRead MoreWin32 Api and Posix Api Comparison975 Words   |  4 Pages SLU Baguio City Philippines BSIT-2 Comparison between WIN32 API and POSIX API Win32 API is Microsoftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s core set of application programming interfaces available in the Microsoft Windows operating systems while POSIX API, an acronym for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Portable Operating System Interface (for Unix)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is a core set of application programming interfaces, shell, and utilities interfaces for software compatible with variants on the Unix operating system. Each of which has its own style of implementationRead MoreLinux Operating System (graduate level CIS term paper)5780 Words   |  24 Pages1. What Is Linux? Linux is an operating system that was initially created as a hobby by a young student, Linus Torvalds, at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Linus had an interest in Minix, a small UNIX system, and decided to develop a system that exceeded the Minix standards. He began his work in 1991 when he released version 0.02 and worked steadily until 1994 when version 1.0 of the Linux Kernel was released. The current full-featured version is 2.4 (released January 2001) and developmentRead MoreLinux vs Windows4798 Words   |  20 PagesLINUX vs. WINDOWS The debate on Windows vs. Linux is truly an on going one with no end in site. Regardless how you come at this juncture you are usually a UNIX supporter or a customer of Microsoft OS and products who are grateful for products of Microsoft. We will in the following paragraphs try to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these different systems. We will give a brief description on the cost of these products, what kind of market-share these two systems hold, the availability